Drivers Lego Input Devices

LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3 is based on an RJ12 plug system, whereas SPIKE Prime uses the LPF2 plug system, which is a proprietary LEGO plug system. There will also be no backward compatibility on the programming side. It’s also possible to disable the integrated microphone device through your computer’s Device Manager. If you’ve previously done that, you must return to the Device Manager and re-enable it. Install or Update Audio Drivers. Windows 10 tries to install and update device drivers automatically. It usually works fine, but sometimes it doesn’t. Adesso Product Driver and Manual Downloads. Title Category Download; ACK-5010PB Image File: Mice/Touchpad: ACK-5010PB Manual. The package provides the installation files for Microsoft USB Input Device Driver version 10.0.4. If the driver is already installed on your system, updating (overwrite-installing) may.

The EV3 has four input ports for connecting sensors and other devices (likesensor multiplexers or motor controllers). If you are trying to use somethingthat plugs into one of those ports, you are in the right place.

Supported Sensors¶

This is a list of sensors that currently have drivers available in the ev3devkernel. The Part Number column links to the vendor website. The Namecolumn links to the sensor’s entry in Appendix A.

Unsupported Sensors¶

One of the goals of ev3dev is to support as many sensors as possible. In fact,even if a manufacturer’s documentation says that a device does not work withthe EV3, chances are it will work with ev3dev.

If you have a sensor that is not supported yet, let us know about it byopening an issue on GitHub. For many sensors adding a driver is trivial -even if you are not a “kernel hacker” or a “c programmer”. For the non-trivialsensors, see the contributing page for information on how to write a driveror how to donate hardware to someone who will.

Using Sensors¶

Automatic Detection¶

The EV3 has “smart” sensor ports that can identify most sensors. Beware!Full automatic detection works on EV3 only. And even on EV3, some sensors cannotbe automatically detected. See notes below in the table of supported sensors.

For sensors that cannot be automatically detected, you can manually controlthe input port mode. Read more about it on Input / Output Ports page.

On FatcatLab’s EVB, EV3/Analog and EV3/UART sensors can be automatically detected.For NXT/Analog sensors, you must manually set the mode. Most NXT/I2C sensors shouldbe automatically detected.

On BrickPi, BrickPi+ and BrickPi3, sensors cannot be automatically detected atall. You must manually configure the input ports for all sensors.

On PiStorms, detection of EV3/UART, EV3/Analog and NXT/I2C sensors issemi-automatic. If you put the input port into ev3-uart, ev3-analog,or i2c-thru mode, the specific type of sensor will be automatically detected(assuming it is a LEGO compatible sensor). So you usually don’t have to write tothe set_device attribute of the port for these sensors.

MINDSTORMS Compatible Sensors¶

Most of the supported sensors are designed to work with LEGO MINDSTORMS. Thesesensors use the LEGO sensor class. You can find thesein sysfs at /sys/class/lego-sensor/. The sensors have modes that selectwhat type of data is read from the sensor. Generally, you will select a modeand then read the data value from the sensor. Follow the link above for moredetails.

Other Sensors and Advanced Usage¶

Many sensors that were not specifically designed for LEGO MINDSTORMS can be usedwith ev3dev too. You can read more about the “Other” sensor types below. Also,some MINDSTORMS compatible sensor may have advanced features that are notaccessible using the lego-sensor class.

When using sensors this way, often automatic detection will not work correctly,therefore it is usually best to manually select the mode of input port (e.g.other-i2c or other-uart).

For more information on using I2C sensors, check out Appendix C: I2C Devices.

Types of Sensors¶

When dealing with sensors in ev3dev, it is useful to know how it communicateswith the EV3 brick. There are three basic kinds of communication that the inputports can use to get information from the sensor, Analog Sensors, I2C Sensorsand UART Sensors, plus one special type for LEGO NXT Color Sensors.

Analog Sensors¶

These are the simplest type of sensor. The measured value is converted to avoltage (0-5VDC) that is read by the EV3.

EV3/Analog Sensors¶

These are sensors that were designed specifically for the EV3 and will not workon the NXT because the pinout is different. They contain an ID resistor so thatthe EV3 can tell different types of sensors apart. The actual analog value ismeasured on pin6.

NXT/Analog Sensors¶

These sensors are designed for the NXT, but also work on the EV3. The EV3 cannotdifferentiate between most of these sensors though, so you have to tell itwhich one your have or just use the generic driver.

RCX/Analog Sensors¶

RCX sensors also fall into this category, but do not work with the EV3 - atleast not with the converter cable described in the NXT Hardware Developerskit. This is due to a difference in the input port pins between the EV3 andthe NXT. If someone wants design a new converter cable, we could make them work.

WeDo/Analog Sensors¶

WeDo sensors are also analog sensors. They are actually electrically similar toEV3/Analog sensors (require 5V power and have ID resistor). Currently, we onlysupport WeDo sensors attached to a WeDo hub, but if someone would like to designa cable and modify the wedo-sensor and lego-ports drivers, we couldeasily make them work with the input ports on the EV3.

LEGO NXT Color Sensors¶

The LEGO NXT Color Sensor is in a class of its own. It uses a hybrid of analogand (non-standard) digital communications. The NXT Color Sensor is not usableat this point in time. We can detect it with the auto-detect, but we don’thave a driver for it yet.

I2C Sensors¶

I2C sensors are sensors that communicate with the intelligent brick via theI2C protocol. In the NXT documentation, they are referred to a “digital”sensors. These sensors can be sorted into two categories.

NXT/I2C Sensors¶

These are sensors designed using LEGO’s guidelines for NXT digital sensors.NXT/I2C sensors can be automatically detected because they contain vendor andproduct IDs at specific I2C registers.

Other/I2C Sensors¶

These can be any off-the-shelf I2C device or 3rd party sensors that are designedfor LEGO MINDSTORMS, but do not follow the guidelines of NXT/I2C sensors.

UART Sensors¶

The EV3 has a UART transceiver connected to each input port that canbe used to communicate with many devices using this widely used standard.

EV3/UART Sensors¶

These is a new type of sensor that is designed specifically for the EV3 (theydon’t work with the NXT). These sensors are a bit “smarter” in that in additionto sending the data of what they measure, they also send information about theircapabilities. This means that any new EV3/UART sensors should “just work” withoutus having to write new drivers.

Other/UART Sensors¶

In addition to sensors designed to work with EV3, any UART device can be connected.But, be careful of voltage levels. The EV3 uses 3.3V I/O. It is safe to connectother devices that use 3.3V or 5V I/O. But, don’t connect anything with highervoltage!

The lego-sensor Subsytem¶

The lego-sensor class provides a uniform interface for using most of thesensors available for the EV3. The various underlying device drivers willcreate a lego-sensor device for interacting with the sensors.

Sensors are primarily controlled by setting the mode and monitored byreading the value<N> attributes. Values can be converted to floatingpoint if needed by value<N> / 10.0 ^ decimals.

Identifying sensors¶

Since the name of the sensor<N> device node does not correspond to theport that a sensor is plugged in to, you must look at the addressattribute if you need to know which port a sensor is plugged in to. However,if you don’t have more than one sensor of each type, you can just look for amatching driver_name. Then it will not matter which port a sensor isplugged in to - your program will still work.

Sysfs¶

Sensors can be found at /sys/class/lego-sensor/sensor<N>, where <N>is incremented each time a sensor is loaded.

Note

The number <N> is not related to the port address.

Events¶

In addition to the usual add and remove events, the kernel changeevent is emitted when mode or poll_ms is changed. The value<N>attributes change too rapidly to be handled this way and therefore do nottrigger any uevents.

Sensor Modules¶

The sensor drivers are implemented in the following modules:

EV3/Analog¶

The ev3-analog-sensor module provides all of the drivers for EV3/Analogsensors.

You can a list of the the devices implemented by this module by reading thedriver_names attribute in the /sys/bus/lego/drivers/ev3-analog-sensor/.

EV3/UART¶

The ev3-uart-sensor-ld module is a tty line discipline that runs ontop of a tty. It listens for the information data that is sent from EV3/UARTsensors. When it receives valid data, it negotiates with the sensor, tellingthe sensor to enter data sending mode.

This line discipline has been assigned the number 29. To attach this linediscipline to a tty, run ldattach29/dev/tty<N> where <N> is the nameof the tty you want to connect to.

Note

This driver works with any tty, which means the sensor does notnecessarily have to be plugged into one of the input ports on the EV3.

EV3/UART sensors do not require individual driver implementations like othertypes of sensors. Instead, all of the needed info to sent from the sensor ina common format. As a result, the name returned by the driver_nameattribute may not be a real driver name. For well-known sensors (the LEGOEV3 sensors and FatcatLab sensors) it will return a name like lego-ev3-color.For unknown sensors it returns ev3-uart-<N>, where <N> is the type idof the sensor.

The ev3-uart-sensor module provides all of the drivers for EV3/UARTsensors. This module is only used on devices that can’t use the linediscipline.

You can a list of the the devices implemented by this module by reading thedriver_names attribute in the /sys/bus/lego/drivers/ev3-uart-sensor/.

NXT/Analog¶

The nxt-analog-sensor module provides all of the drivers for NXT/Analogsensors. These drivers scale the analog voltage read from the sensor to auseful value.

You can a list of the the devices implemented by this module by reading thedriver_names attribute in the /sys/bus/lego/drivers/nxt-analog-sensor/.

NXT/I2C¶

The nxt-i2c-sensor module provides all of the drivers for NXT/I2C sensors.

Note

These parameters can be changed at runtime by writing to/sys/module/nxt_i2c_sensor/parameters/<parameter>.

You can a list of the the devices implemented by this module by reading thedriver_names attribute in the /sys/bus/lego/drivers/nxt-i2c-sensor/.

Road traffic control devices are markers, signs and signal devices used to inform, guide and control traffic, including pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers and bicyclists. These devices are usually placed adjacent, over or along the highways, roads, traffic facilities and other public areas that require traffic control.

Types[edit]

Signs[edit]

Traffic signs are signs which use words and/or symbols to convey information to road users. These devices are made with retroreflective materials that reflect light from headlights back towards the driver's eyes. This is to achieve maximum visibility especially at night.

Traditional[edit]

• Regulatory signs are traffic signs used to convey traffic rules and regulations such as intersection controls, weight limit, speed limit, one way, no parking and others. These signs are generally rectangular in shape and uses white, black and red/or as their primary colors.
• Warning signs are traffic signs that are used to warn road users about a potential danger. These signs are usually diamond in shape and, except for temporary traffic control signs, have black legends and borders on a yellow background. Work zone signs have orange backgrounds, and incident management signs have pink backgrounds Examples of warning signs are crosswalk signs. curve warning signs, intersection ahead signs, flagger signs, workers signs, or road machinery signs.
• Guide signs help road users navigate to their destination. These signs are generally rectangular in shape and have white text on green backgrounds. When a guide sign provides temporary guidance due to a work zone, it will have a black legend and border on an orange background. Examples of guide signs are street name signs, destination and distance signs, And place name signs. Work zone guide signs include detour markers, length of work signs, and end road work signs.

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Variable[edit]

Variable-message signs, or VMS, are electronic traffic control signs which can exhibit different traffic messages according to the needs of a specific road. Permanent VMS displays are mounted on large sign structures overhead or alongside the road. These devices are often placed on urban freeways which have traffic problems. Portable CMS (PVMS) panels are usually mounted on trailers, although some may be carried by trucks. They are often used in work zones or other events that disrupt traffic. CMS devices also follow a uniform shape, design and color that were set by the MUTCD.

High-level warnings[edit]

High-level warning devices are traffic control devices that are high enough to see over other vehicles, such as vehicle roofs, poles, and other places not lower than eight feet (2.4 m). These devices are also called 'flag trees' because they feature two or three square fluorescent orange flags and a sometimes a flashing warning light. This type of traffic control devices are used in work zones in high traffic density urban areas.

Channelizing devices[edit]

Channelizing devices are used to warn drivers and pedestrians and to guide them through a work zone. Common channelizing devices are traffic cones and drums. These types of traffic control devices are usually placed between traffic and road construction zones, or between opposing traffic streams.

• Arrow boards are portable, illuminated, high-visibility panels that are used to alert motorists of an approaching lane closure and to specify the direction in which to merge.
• Traffic cones are channelizing devices shaped like cones, thus the name. They are made from bright orange flexible materials, not less than 18 inches (0.46 m) in height. Cones used at night must have bands of reflective material near the top. These are used to close a particular area or divide traffic lanes temporarily.
• Tubular markers are cylindrical in shape. They are also orange, with bands of reflective material near the top. They must be at least 18 inches (0.46 m) in height and 2 inches (51 mm) in body diameter. Tubular markers are made of flexible plastic and have a wider base that is glued or screwed to the pavement. They are used in a similar way as cones.
• Vertical panels are reflective traffic control devices which measure at least 8 inches (200 mm) wide and 24 inches (610 mm) high. They are bright orange with diagonal white stripes. These panels are used to guide vehicle traffic. They can be more conspicuous than cones or tubular markers when viewed head-on, but are very thin and hard to see from the side.
• Construction barrels or drums are cylindrical devices that are used when conspicuity is vital. These device are made with industrial-grade orange plastic and covered with alternating orange and white retroreflective stripes. These drums are usually ballasted with a heavy rubber base or a sandbag in the bottom for added stability.
• Barricades are channelizing devices used to redirect traffic on high-speed roads and expressways. There are different types of barricades depending on its size, design and applications. Barricades may be a fixed or portable traffic control device. Barricades are also used to close roads and/or sidewalks.
• Temporary raised islands are pavements that are usually 4 inches (100 mm) in height and 18 inches (460 mm) wide that are used for temporary traffic control applications. This device follows the standard design set by the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide.
• Jersey barriers are installed to provide added protection of the work zone from adjacent traffic and vice versa.

Road surface markings[edit]

Road surface markings are traffic control devices that are applied directly to the road surfaces. They are used to guide and channel traffic by designating lanes and indicating stopping points at intersections. Pavement markings may be permanent or removable.

• Interim markings are temporary markings used in place of a pavement for two weeks or until a real pavement is installed in that specific area. These broken-line markings are at least ten feet (3.0 m) in length.
• Raised pavement markers are used to supplement or replace pavement markings. They may have embedded reflectors or may be non-reflective.
• Delineators are small reflective panels mounted on lightweight metal posts or flexible plastic tubes used to outline roadways and paths. These are about 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) high. In the USA, yellow reflective material is used for delineators on the left of the road, and white delineators are used to the right of traffic. In Queensland, Australia, where vehicles drive on the left side of the road, roadworks delineators shall comprise red delineators on the left side and white delineators on the right (two-way roadway) or yellow on the right (one-way roadway). Delineators should be erected one metre (39 in) minimum from the edge of the travelled path and at a uniform height of approximately one metre above the road surface. Delineator posts should be frangible or otherwise non-hazardous.^[1]

Rumble strips[edit]

Rumble strips are roughened surfaces that are either embossed or recessed. When a vehicle drives over them, they make a loud rumbling sound and vibration. They can be placed across traffic lanes to alert drivers that they are approaching a potentially hazardous location, such as a work zone, school zone, rail road crossing or an isolated intersection. They are used along the shoulders or centerlines of highways to alert drivers that they are leaving their traffic lane.

Lights[edit]

Traffic lights are traffic control signals used to alternately assign right-of-way to traffic moving in conflicting directions at an intersection. Traffic lights feature three different lights that conveys different meanings. The red light means that the vehicle facing the traffic light must come to a complete stop. A green light means that the vehicle facing the traffic light may proceed when it is safe to do so. A yellow light indicates that a red light will follow, and vehicle drivers must stop if it is safe to do so.

• Flashing beacons are flashing signals. Yellow flashing beacons are usually used to draw attention to other traffic control devices, such as a crosswalk sign. Red flashing beacons are used to supplement stop signs.
• Steady burning electric lamps work similarly to flashing electric lights except that its yellow lights are not flashing. These are commonly used for on-road maintenance work.
• Warning Lights are portable, battery or solar powered lighting devices that can work as flashing or steady burning lights. These devices are commonly mounted on drums or barricades. They follow the standards set by the ITE Purchase Specification for Flashing and Steady-Burn Warning Lights.

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References[edit]

Drivers Lego Input Devices

1. ^MUTCD, Part 3, Clause 3.9.2, Roadworks Delineators

External links[edit]